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Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives. Past missions Three missions to land on Phobos have been launched; the Soviet Phobos program in the late 1980s saw the launch of Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 , while the Russian Fobos-Grunt sample return mission was ...
The crew of Soyuz 11 died after undocking from space station Salyut 1 after a three-week stay. A cabin vent valve construction defect caused it to open at service module separation. The recovery team found the crew dead. These three are, as of 2025, the only human fatalities in space (above 100 kilometers (330,000 ft)). [4] [5]
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER), started in 2003, was a robotic space mission involving two rovers, Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity, (MER-B) that explored the Martian surface geology. The mission's scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars.
M. Malin Space Science Systems; Mariner 3; Mariner 4; Mariner 6 and 7; Mariner 8; Mariner 9; Mariner program; Mars 96; Mars 2020; Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4] [5] 3. Mars 96: Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failure [11] 4. Deep Space 2: Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 2.4 Failure [14] [15] 5. Sojourner: Rover Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 11.5 Success [12] [13] 6. Mars helicopter Ingenuity: UAV Helicopter: Mars 2020 Perseverance rover: 30 Jul 2021 1.8 ...
Mars 4 failed to enter Mars orbit and flew by it instead. [90] Mars 6: Mars 5 August 1973 12 March 1974 220 days (7 months, 8 days) The Mars 6 bus flew by Mars at a minimum distance of 1600 km. Also carried a lander. [13] Mars 7: Mars 9 August 1973 9 March 1974 213 days (7 months, 1 day) Mars 7's lander was released prematurely and missed Mars ...
Artist's rendering of NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiting Mars. The following table is a list of Mars orbiters, consisting of space probes which were launched from Earth and are currently orbiting Mars. As of August 2023, there have been 18 spacecraft missions operating in Mars' orbit, 7 of which are currently active.
Deep Impact at Comet 9P/Tempel 1 Dart Impact at Dimorphos Mars 2020 Skycrane descend stage crash smoke plume in the distance. This is a list of uncrewed spacecraft which have been intentionally destroyed at their objects of study, typically by hard landings or crash landings at the end of their respective missions and/or functionality.