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Cork cambium (pl.: cambia or cambiums) is a tissue found in many vascular plants as a part of the epidermis. It is one of the many layers of bark , between the cork and primary phloem . The cork cambium is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems .
A cambium (pl.: cambiums or cambia), in plants, is a tissue layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth. It is found in the area between xylem and phloem. A cambium can also be defined as a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting (in woody plants) in secondary thickening.
The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There are also two meristems associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant.
Lateral meristems, the form of secondary plant growth, add growth to the plants in their diameter. This is primarily observed in perennial dicots that survive from year to year. There are two types of lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium. In vascular cambium, the primary phloem and xylem are produced by the apical meristem.
Diagram of secondary growth in a tree showing idealised vertical and horizontal sections. New wood is added in each growth season by the lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium.
The vascular cambium is the main growth tissue in the stems and roots of many plants, specifically in dicots such as buttercups and oak trees, gymnosperms such as pine trees, as well as in certain other vascular plants. It produces secondary xylem inwards, towards the pith, and secondary phloem outwards, towards the bark.
In dicot root, the vascular cambium is completely secondary in origin, and it originates from a portion of pericycle tissue. [citation needed] The pericycle regulates the formation of lateral roots by rapidly dividing near the xylem elements of the root. [2] It has been known to often be confused with other parts of the plant.
Secondary growth occurs at the lateral meristems, namely the vascular cambium and cork cambium. The former forms secondary xylem and secondary phloem, while the latter forms the periderm. In plants with secondary growth, the vascular cambium, originating between the xylem and the phloem, forms a cylinder of tissue along the stem and root.