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In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. [1] The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme by analogy with phoneme and other emic units. The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of graphemes is abstract and similar to the notion in computing of a ...
Many (but not all) graphemes that are part of a writing system that encodes a full spoken language are included in the Unicode standard, which also includes graphical symbols. See: Language code; List of Unicode characters; List of writing systems; Punctuation; List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
Typographical symbols (5 C, 75 P) Pages in category "Graphemes" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total.
All contain graphemes that represent phonetic (sound-based) elements as well. These phonetic elements may be used on their own (to represent, for example, grammatical inflections or foreign words), or may serve as phonetic complements to a logogram (used to specify the sound of a logogram that might otherwise represent more than one word).
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Graphemes are generally defined as minimally significant elements which, when taken together, comprise the set of symbols from which texts may be constructed. [14] All writing systems require a set of defined graphemes, collectively called a script. [15] The concept of the grapheme is similar to that of the phoneme used in the study of spoken ...
These symbols describe the features of a language above the level of individual consonants and vowels, that is, at the level of syllable, word or phrase. These include prosody , pitch, length , stress , intensity, tone and gemination of the sounds of a language, as well as the rhythm and intonation of speech. [ 72 ]