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The name "Tolui" (Mongolian script: ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠢ, Mongolian: Толуй, meaning 'mirror') has also been transliterated to English as Toli and Tuluy, among other spellings. [6] The historian Isenbike Togan has speculated that "Tolui" was a title which Genghis intended to replace the pre-imperial epithet otchigin , traditionally given to the ...
The principal documents from the period of the Middle Mongol language are: in the eastern dialect, the famous text The Secret History of the Mongols, monuments in the Square script, materials of the Chinese–Mongolian glossary of the fourteenth century and materials of the Mongolian language of the middle period in Chinese transcription, etc ...
The word 'Mongolia' ('Mongol') in Cyrillic script. The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (Mongolian: Монгол Кирилл үсэг, Mongol Kirill üseg or Кирилл цагаан толгой, Kirill tsagaan tolgoi) is the writing system used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia.
The Clear Script, [note 1] is an alphabet created in 1648 by the Oirat Buddhist monk Zaya Pandita for the Oirat language. [1] [2] [3] It was developed on the basis of the Mongolian script with the goal of distinguishing all sounds in the spoken language, and to make it easier to transcribe Sanskrit and the Tibetic languages.
Modern Mongolian evolved from Middle Mongol, the language spoken in the Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the transition, a major shift in the vowel-harmony paradigm occurred, long vowels developed, the case system changed slightly, and the verbal system was restructured. Mongolian is related to the extinct Khitan language.
Transcribes Chakhar /d/; [10] [11] Khalkha /t/, and /tʰ/. [12]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter д.[6] [5]Syllable-initially indistinguishable from t. [2]: 23 [13]: 9 [10] When it must be distinguished from t medially, it can be written twice, and with both medial forms (as in ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ qudduγ 'well', compared with ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ qutuγ 'holy').
*kʰ was spirantized to /x/ in Ulaanbaatar Khalkha and the Mongolian dialects south of it, e.g. Preclassical Mongolian kündü, reconstructed as *kʰynty 'heavy', became Modern Mongolian /xunt/ [13] (but in the vicinity of Bayankhongor and Baruun-Urt, many speakers will say [kʰunt]). [14]
Examples of Buriad usage in Aginskoie public space. Buryat or Buriat, [1] [2] [note 1] known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, [note 2] [4] is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.