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Jerusalem becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Judah and, according to the Bible, for the first few decades even of a wider united kingdom of Judah and Israel, under kings belonging to the House of David. c. 1010 BCE: biblical King David attacks and captures Jerusalem. Jerusalem becomes City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel ...
Henry IV of England made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1393–4, and he later vowed to lead a crusade to recapture the city, but he did not undertake such a campaign before his death in 1413. [132] The Levant remained under Ottoman control from 1517 until the Partition of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
The crusaders cannot take the Muslim fortress on Mount Tabor. [439] [447] 1218. Early. Andrew II, Hugh I and Bohemond IV leave the crusaders' camp. [448] Spring. Caesarea is fortified. Château Pèlerin is built on the coast near Acre. [449] May 29. The crusaders, along with troops from Jerusalem and Cyprus, lay siege to Damietta under John's ...
First map using modern surveying techniques, [2] [8] and the first Ordnance Survey to take place outside the United Kingdom. [68] It produced "the first perfectly accurate map [of Jerusalem], even in the eyes of modern cartography", [69] and identified the eponymous Wilson's Arch.
[55]: 54 The Mamluks ruled over Palestine including Jerusalem from 1260 until 1516. [56] In the decades after 1260 they also worked to eliminate the remaining Crusader states in the region. The last of these was defeated with the capture of Acre in 1291. [55]: 54 Jerusalem was a significant site of Mamluk architectural patronage.
The History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem began with the capture of the city by the Latin Christian forces at the apogee of the First Crusade. At that point it had been under Muslim rule for over 450 years. It became the capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, until it was again conquered by the Ayyubids under Saladin in 1187.
The Siege of Jerusalem by the Crusaders saw much of the extant population at the time massacred as the Christian invaders took the city, and while its population quickly recovered during the Kingdom of Jerusalem, its population was decimated to less than 2,000 people when the Khwarezmi Turks took the city in 1244.
Muslim morale in Jerusalem was so low that the arrival of the Crusaders would probably have caused the city to fall quickly. Appallingly bad weather, cold with heavy rain and hailstorms, combined with fear that if the Crusader army besieged Jerusalem, it might be trapped by a relieving force, led to the decision to retreat back to the coast. [91]