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The British left a large network of railways, roads, as well as the telephone and telegraph system. [citation needed] The first railway line in the modern-day Pakistan was constructed in 1858 in Karachi. A line between Karachi City and Kotri opened in 1861. [7] The railway network built by the British remains intact today. [8]
On 14 August 1947, Pakistan gained independence. India gained independence the following day. The two provinces of British India, Punjab and Bengal, were divided along religious lines by the Radcliffe Commission. Mountbatten is alleged to have influenced the Radcliffe Commission to draw the line in India's favour.
The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India [a] into two independent dominion states, the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. [3] The Union of India is today the Republic of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , and the People's Republic of Bangladesh .
The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy, called the princely states.
India's balances totalled to Rs. 17.24 billion in March 1946; of that sum Rs. 15.12 billion [£1.134 billion] was split between India and Pakistan when they became independent in August 1947. They finally got the money and India spent all its share by 1957 which included buying back British owned assets in India. [55]
The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, [3] was an independent federal dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, which existed from 14 August 1947 to 23 March 1956. It was created by the passing of the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, which also created an independent Dominion of India.
Around 6.5 million Muslims moved from India to West Pakistan and 4.7 million Hindus and Sikhs moved from West Pakistan to India. [107] It was the largest mass migration in human history. [108] A subsequent dispute over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir eventually sparked the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. [109]
Eventually, 15 August became Independence Day for India marking the end of British India. Also on 15 August, both Pakistan and India had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the British Commonwealth. Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims followed.