Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The exponential of a matrix A is defined by =!. Given a matrix B, another matrix A is said to be a matrix logarithm of B if e A = B.. Because the exponential function is not bijective for complex numbers (e.g. = =), numbers can have multiple complex logarithms, and as a consequence of this, some matrices may have more than one logarithm, as explained below.
ln(r) is the standard natural logarithm of the real number r. Arg(z) is the principal value of the arg function; its value is restricted to (−π, π]. It can be computed using Arg(x + iy) = atan2(y, x). Log(z) is the principal value of the complex logarithm function and has imaginary part in the range (−π, π].
Many natural growth processes are driven by the accumulation of many small percentage changes which become additive on a log scale. Under appropriate regularity conditions, the distribution of the resulting accumulated changes will be increasingly well approximated by a log-normal, as noted in the section above on " Multiplicative Central Limit ...
where | | denotes the matrix determinant, () is the trace, () is the natural logarithm and is the dimension of the vector space. The logarithm must be taken to base e since the two terms following the logarithm are themselves base- e logarithms of expressions that are either factors of the density function or otherwise arise naturally.
The natural logarithm of e itself, ln e, is 1, because e 1 = e, while the natural logarithm of 1 is 0, since e 0 = 1. The natural logarithm can be defined for any positive real number a as the area under the curve y = 1/x from 1 to a [4] (with the area being negative when 0 < a < 1). The simplicity of this definition, which is matched in many ...
Octave (aka GNU Octave) is an alternative to MATLAB. Originally conceived in 1988 by John W. Eaton as a companion software for an undergraduate textbook, Eaton later opted to modify it into a more flexible tool. Development began in 1992 and the alpha version was released in 1993. Subsequently, version 1.0 was released a year after that in 1994.
In mathematics, the polylogarithm (also known as Jonquière's function, for Alfred Jonquière) is a special function Li s (z) of order s and argument z.Only for special values of s does the polylogarithm reduce to an elementary function such as the natural logarithm or a rational function.
The logarithmic norm was independently introduced by Germund Dahlquist [1] and Sergei Lozinskiĭ in 1958, for square matrices. It has since been extended to nonlinear operators and unbounded operators as well. [2] The logarithmic norm has a wide range of applications, in particular in matrix theory, differential equations and numerical analysis ...