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The word benign means ' favourable, kind, fortunate, salutary, propitious '. [1] However, a benign tumor is not benign in the usual sense; the name merely specifies that it is not "malignant", i.e. cancerous. While benign tumors usually do not pose a serious health risk, they can be harmful or fatal. [2]
In the case of an existing tumour, a biopsy would then be required to make a diagnosis and distinguish whether the tumour is malignant or benign. [8] This involves examination of a small sample of the tissue in a laboratory. [8] If detected as a malignant tumour, treatment is necessary; treatment during early stages is most effective. [8]
While cancer is by definition malignant, a tumor can be benign, precancerous, or malignant. [citation needed] The terms mass and nodule are often used synonymously with tumor. Generally speaking, however, the term tumor is used generically, without reference to the physical size of the lesion. [3]
For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is fibroid). Confusingly, some types of cancer use the -noma suffix, examples including melanoma and seminoma .
It is what dictates whether the tumor is benign or malignant, and is the property which enables their dissemination around the body. The cancer cells have to undergo a multitude of changes in order for them to acquire the ability to metastasize, in a multistep process that starts with local invasion of the cells into the surrounding tissues.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. Neoplasm in the brain Medical condition Brain tumor Other names Intracranial neoplasm, brain tumour, brain cancer Brain metastasis in the right cerebral hemisphere from lung cancer, shown on magnetic resonance imaging Specialty Neurosurgery, neuro-oncology Symptoms Vary depending on the ...
Although often described as benign, a teratoma does have malignant potential. A UK study of 351 infants and children diagnosed with "benign" teratoma reported 227 with MT, 124 with IT. Five years after surgery, event-free survival was 92.2% and 85.9%, respectively, and overall survival was 99% and 95.1%. [ 51 ]
Leiomyoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of esophagus and second most common benign tumor of the small bowel (with gastrointestinal stromal tumor as most common). [7] Although leiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal tumor, malignant carcinoma is still 50 times more likely. [8]