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  2. Aragonite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonite

    Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (Ca CO 3), the others being calcite and vaterite.It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.

  3. Calcium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate

    Calcium carbonate is used in the production of calcium oxide as well as toothpaste and has seen a resurgence as a food preservative and color retainer, when used in or with products such as organic apples. [58] Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as phosphate binder in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. It is the most common form of ...

  4. Biomineralization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralization

    The structures and arrangements of mollusc shells are diverse, but they share some features: the main part of the shell is crystalline calcium carbonate (aragonite, calcite), though some amorphous calcium carbonate occurs as well; and although they react as crystals, they never show angles and facets. [16]

  5. Limestone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone

    The aragonite needles in carbonate mud are converted to low-magnesium calcite within a few million years, as this is the most stable form of calcium carbonate. [28] Ancient carbonate formations of the Precambrian and Paleozoic contain abundant dolomite, but limestone dominates the carbonate beds of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Modern dolomite is ...

  6. Winogradsky column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winogradsky_column

    Invented in the 1880s by Sergei Winogradsky, the device is a column of pond mud and water mixed with a carbon source such as newspaper (containing cellulose), blackened marshmallows or egg-shells (containing calcium carbonate), and a sulfur source such as gypsum (calcium sulfate) or egg yolk.

  7. Carbonate rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_rock

    Limestone is the most common carbonate rock [3] and is a sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate with two main polymorphs: calcite and aragonite.While the chemical composition of these two minerals is the same, their physical properties differ significantly due to their different crystalline form.

  8. Lime kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_kiln

    With exhaust gas temperatures as low as 120 °C and lime temperature at kiln outlet in 80 °C range the heat loss of the regenerative kiln is minimal, fuel consumption is as low as 3.6 MJ/kg. Due to these features the regenerative kilns are today mainstream technology under conditions of substantial fuel costs.

  9. Raphide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphide

    Raphides in Epipremnum Devil's ivy (600× magnification). Raphides (/ ˈ r æ f ɪ d i z / RAF-id-eez; singular raphide / ˈ r eɪ f aɪ d / RAY-fyde or raphis) are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (prismatic monoclinic crystals) or calcium carbonate as aragonite (dipyramidal orthorhombic crystals), found in more than 200 families of plants.