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[2] 380-million-year-old fossils of three other genera, Incisoscutum, Materpiscis and Austroptyctodus, represent the oldest known examples of live birth. [ 3 ] Placoderms are thought to be paraphyletic , consisting of several distinct outgroups or sister taxa to all living jawed vertebrates , which originated among their ranks. [ 4 ]
Major groups of fish evolved during this period, often referred to as the age of fish. [39] See Category:Devonian fish. D e v o n i a n: Early Devonian: Early Devonian (419–393 Ma): Psarolepis: Psarolepis (speckled scale) is a genus of extinct lobe-finned fish that lived around 397 to 418 Ma.
Hyneria was a large fish.H. lindae is estimated around 2.5–3 metres (8.2–9.8 ft) in total length. [3] [4] An isolated cleithrum AM 6545 likely belongs to an individual of at least 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) in length. [2]
[8] [27] Coelacanths are large, plump, lobe-finned fish that can grow to more than 2 m (6.6 ft) and weigh around 90 kg (200 lb). [28] They are estimated to live up to 100 years, based on analysis of annual growth marks on scales, and reach maturity around the age of 55; [ 29 ] the oldest known specimen was 84 years old at the time of its ...
In contrast, the long-nosed Rolfosteus measured just 15 cm. [2] Fossils of Incisoscutum have been found containing unborn fetuses, indicating that arthrodires gave birth to live young. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A common misconception is the arthrodires (along with all other placoderms) were sluggish bottom-dwellers that were outcompeted by more advanced fish.
The study of prehistoric fish is called paleoichthyology. A few living forms, such as the coelacanth are also referred to as prehistoric fish, or even living fossils, due to their current rarity and similarity to extinct forms. Fish which have become recently extinct are not usually referred to as prehistoric fish.
The red arrow shows Psarolepis as basal lobe-finned and the green arrow locates the fish as the basalmost bony fish. When Psarolepis was described for the first time in 1998, it was placed in the group of sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fishes) because the skull and jaws resemble those of primitive lungfishes .
Life restoration of L. toombsi. Ligulalepis is an extinct genus of stem-osteichthyans which lived from the Silurian to the Early Devonian. [1] Ligulalepis was first described from isolated scales found in the Taemas-Wee jasper limestones of New South Wales (Emsian age) by Hans-Peter Schultze (1968) [2] and further material described by Burrow (1994). [3]
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