Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Modern analyzers use ion-selective electrodes which give a normal anion gap as <11 mEq/L. Therefore, according to the new classification system, a high anion gap is anything above 11 mEq/L. A normal anion gap is often defined as being within the prediction interval of 3–11 mEq/L, [8] with an average estimated at 6 mEq/L. [9]
Albumin is an acute negative phase respondent and not a reliable indicator of nutrition status. [10] Low albumin levels can also indicate chronic malnutrition from protein losing enteropathy. [3] This is often caused or exacerbated by ulcerative colitis, [11] but can also be seen in cardiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. [3]
The reference range for total protein is typically 60-80g/L. (It is also sometimes reported as "6.0-8.0g/dl"), [2] but this may vary depending on the method of analysis. Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection.
In alcoholic liver disease, the mean ratio is 1.45, and mean ratio is 1.33 in post necrotic liver cirrhosis. Ratio is greater than 1.17 in viral cirrhosis, greater than 2.0 in alcoholic hepatitis, and 0.9 in non-alcoholic hepatitis. Ratio is greater than 4.5 in Wilson disease or hyperthyroidism. [6]
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy, [10] diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs and stress. Reference ranges often depend on the analytical method used, for reasons such as inaccuracy, lack of standardisation, lack of certified reference material and differing antibody reactivity. [11]
The serum anion gap is useful for determining whether a base deficit is caused by addition of acid or loss of bicarbonate. Base deficit with elevated anion gap indicates addition of acid (e.g., ketoacidosis). Base deficit with normal anion gap indicates loss of bicarbonate (e.g., diarrhea).
Hypoproteinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. There are several causes that all result in edema once serum protein levels fall below a certain threshold.
[1] [2] The delta ratio is a formula that can be used to assess elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis and to evaluate whether mixed acid base disorder (metabolic acidosis) is present. The list of agents that cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis is similar to but broader than the list of agents that cause a serum osmolal gap.