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Faraday's law of induction (or simply Faraday's law) is a law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (emf). This phenomenon, known as electromagnetic induction , is the fundamental operating principle of transformers , inductors , and many types of electric ...
Similarly, the rate of flow of electrical charge, that is, the electric current, through an electrical resistor is proportional to the difference in voltage measured across the resistor. More generally, the hydraulic head may be taken as the analog of voltage, and Ohm's law is then analogous to Darcy's law which relates hydraulic head to the ...
Ampère's circuital law, connects the direction of an electric current and its associated magnetic currents. Electric potential energy, the potential energy of a system of charges; Electricity market, the sale of electrical energy; Etymology of electricity, the origin of the word electricity and its current different usages
The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system (as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that in a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic ...
Electric field from positive to negative charges. Gauss's law describes the relationship between an electric field and electric charges: an electric field points away from positive charges and towards negative charges, and the net outflow of the electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed charge, including bound charge due to polarization of material.
Electric currents in electrolytes are flows of electrically charged particles . For example, if an electric field is placed across a solution of Na + and Cl − (and conditions are right) the sodium ions move towards the negative electrode (cathode), while the chloride ions move towards the positive electrode (anode). Reactions take place at ...
Gauss's law in its integral form is particularly useful when, by symmetry reasons, a closed surface (GS) can be found along which the electric field is uniform. The electric flux is then a simple product of the surface area and the strength of the electric field, and is proportional to the total charge enclosed by the surface.
The first of these equations is known as Gauss's law. It describes the electric field produced by charged particles and by charge distributions. According to Gauss's law, the flux (or flow) of electric field through any closed surface is proportional to the amount of charge that is enclosed by that surface.