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It is a compound of the Pali ti or Sanskrit word of tri (त्रि), meaning "three", and piṭaka (पिटक), meaning "basket". [1] These "three baskets" recall the receptacles of palm-leaf manuscripts and refer to three important textual divisions of early Buddhist literature: Suttas, the Vinaya, and the Abhidhamma. [8]
The Paṭṭhāna is the most popular paritta (protective text) in Myanmar. [3] In Burmese Buddhism , the scripture is ritually recited by monks and laypeople for protection, and Burmese Buddhists believe the Paṭṭhāna can guard against threats and dangers, please helpful gods, and ward off evil spirits.
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three division of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism.
[3] [4] Condensed versions of the seven books of the Abhidhamma Pitaka are some of the most common texts found in Thai and Khmer manuscript collections. [22] A survey conducted in the early 20th Century by Louis Finot found that the Abhidhamma Pitaka was the only one of the three Pitakas possessed in complete form by most Laotian monasteries. [3]
The Vinaya Piṭaka (English: Basket of Discipline) is the first of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Sutta Piṭaka and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka.
Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to the West in the 20th century. [12] According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of development which leads to awakening and full liberation from dukkha (lit. ' suffering or unease ' [note 1]).
The earliest Buddhist art is from the Mauryan era (322 BCE – 184 BCE), there is little archeological evidence for pre-Mauryan period symbolism. [6] Early Buddhist art (circa 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE) is commonly (but not exclusively) aniconic (i.e. lacking an anthropomorphic image), and instead used various symbols to depict the Buddha.
[d] J.W. de Jong said it would be "hypocritical" to assert that we can say nothing about the teachings of earliest Buddhism, arguing that "the basic ideas of Buddhism found in the canonical writings could very well have been proclaimed by him [the Buddha], transmitted and developed by his disciples and, finally, codified in fixed formulas."