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Blum originated the term "reward deficiency syndrome". There is no consensus among addiction researchers that empirical evidence exists to justify such a concept. [1] He holds multiple patents relating to genetic testing and treatment for the supposed syndrome that have been licensed through various different corporations.
Contemporary research in neurobiology (a branch of science that deals with the anatomy, [9] physiology, and pathology of nervous system) of addiction points to genetics as a major contributing factor to addiction vulnerability. It has been estimated that 40–60% of the vulnerability to developing an addiction is due to genetics.
The NIAAA functions both as a funding agency that supports research by external research institutions and as a research institution itself, where alcohol research is carried out in‐house. [1] It funds approximately 90% of all such research in the United States. [2] The NIAAA publishes the academic journal Alcohol Research: Current Reviews.
Ondansetron and topiramate are supported by tentative evidence in people with certain genetic patterns. [169] [170] Evidence for ondansetron is stronger in people who have recently started to abuse alcohol. [169] Topiramate is a derivative of the naturally occurring sugar monosaccharide D-fructose.
John F. Kelly is an American-based researcher and professor of addiction medicine at Harvard Medical School. [1] He is the Founder and Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Recovery Research Institute, [2] Associate Director of the MGH Center for Addiction Medicine, [3] [4] and Program Director of the MGH Addiction Recovery Management Service.
High impulsivity has [also] been found in families with alcoholism, suggestive of a genetic link. Thus, the genetics of impulsivity overlaps with genetic risks for alcohol use disorder and possibly alcohol neurodegeneration". [7] There is also a genetic risk for proinflammatory cytokine mediated alcohol-related brain damage. There is evidence ...
Another important concern is the lack of evidence supporting the addictive personality label and the possibility of stigma. [2] While there is a medical consensus surrounding the genetic components of addiction, [5] there is no such consensus supporting the idea that specific personality types have a tendency towards addictive behaviors. [2]
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...