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Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is generally considered a separate condition. [6] Treatment typically takes place in hospital such as in a burn unit or intensive care unit. [3] [7] Efforts include stopping the cause, pain medication, and antihistamines. [3] [4] Antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids may also be used.
The culprit can be both a prescription drug or an over-the-counter medication. Examples of common drugs causing drug eruptions are antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs, sulfa drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biopharmaceuticals, chemotherapy agents, anticonvulsants and psychotropic drugs.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction. [1] Together with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap, they are considered febrile mucocutaneous drug reactions and probably part of the same spectrum of disease, with SJS being less severe.
Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α 2A-adrenergic receptor agonist [12] medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. [13]
Erythema nodosum is self-limiting and usually resolves itself within 3–6 weeks. A recurring form does exist, and in children, it is attributed to repeated infections with streptococcus. [18] Treatment should focus on the underlying cause.
Clinically, EPP is characterized by erythema, edema, shallow scars, and waxy induration of the skin, particularly on the face. Pseudoporphyria that clinically mimics EPP has been described almost exclusively in children taking naproxen for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatment, acne medication, allergies, exercise, solar radiation (), photosensitization, [3] acute radiation syndrome, mercury toxicity, blister agents, [4] niacin administration, [5] or waxing and tweezing of the hairs—any of which can cause the affected capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness.