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The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group (−OH). The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom.
Bond polarity is typically divided into three groups that are loosely based on the difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms. According to the Pauling scale: Nonpolar bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is less than 0.5; Polar bonds generally occur when the difference in ...
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
The compound originally formulated as ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O was found to be the chloride salt of a tetrameric cation [Zr 4 (OH) 8 (H 2 O) 16] 8+ in which there is a square of Zr 4+ ions with two hydroxide groups bridging between Zr atoms on each side of the square and with four water molecules attached to each Zr atom.
A dipole-induced dipole interaction (Debye force) is due to the approach of a molecule with a permanent dipole to another non-polar molecule with no permanent dipole. This approach causes the electrons of the non-polar molecule to be polarized toward or away from the dipole (or "induce" a dipole) of the approaching molecule. [13]
An example of a polar surface is the rocksalt (111) surface. [2] In general, a polar surface is less stable than a nonpolar surface because a dipole moment increases the surface Gibbs energy. Also, oxygen polar surfaces are more stable than metal polar surfaces because oxygen ions are more polarizable, which lowers the surface energy. [9]
Orthosilicic acid (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə s ɪ ˈ l ɪ s ɪ k /) is an inorganic compound with the formula Si(O H) 4. Although rarely observed, it is the key compound of silica and silicates and the precursor to other silicic acids [H 2x SiO x+2] n. Silicic acids play important roles in biomineralization and technology.
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but