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The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
It is founded on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and those who follow it are called Christians. [2] Islam developed in the 7th century CE. It is founded on the teachings of Muhammad, as an expression of surrendering to the will of God. Those who follow it are called Muslims (meaning "submitters to God"). [3] [4]
According to Islamic tradition, during one such occasion while he was in contemplation, the archangel Gabriel appeared before him in the year 610 CE and said, ‘Recite’, upon which he replied, ‘I am unable to recite’. Thereupon the angel caught hold of him and embraced him heavily.
Important dates and locations in the life of Muhammad Date Age Event c. 570 – Death of his father, Abdullah: c. 570 0 Possible date of birth: 12 or 17 Rabi al Awal: in Mecca, Arabia: c. 577 6 Death of his mother, Amina: c. 583 12–13 His grandfather transfers him to Syria: c. 595 24–25 Meets and marries Khadijah: c. 599 28–29
630: Death of Umm Kulthum daughter of Muhammad and wife of Uthman. 631: Expedition to Tabouk, Ghassanids. 631: Death of Muhammad's son Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Maria al-Qibtiyya. 631 or 632, tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. 632: 6 March – Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. 632: 8 June – Death of Muhammad. Death of Fatimah, his daughter.
This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [ 1 ] though not by Muslims .
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th ...