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3D model of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannaboid. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system composed of endocannabinoids, which are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system ...
Cannabis plants can exhibit wide variation in the quantity and type of cannabinoids they produce. The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile.
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. [5] [6] It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in ...
Cannabinoid receptors are activated by three major groups of ligands: Endocannabinoids; Phytocannabinoids (plant-derived such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produced by cannabis); Synthetic cannabinoids (such as HU-210). All endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids are lipophilic. There are two known subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB 1 ...
Cannabinoid receptors were originally discovered as sensitive to Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC, commonly called THC), which is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis. The discovery of anandamide came from research into CB 1 and CB 2 , as it was inevitable that a naturally occurring (endogenous) chemical would be found to ...
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endocannabinoid, an endogenous agonist of the CB 1 receptor and the primary endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor. [1][2] It is an ester formed from the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and glycerol. It is present at relatively high levels in the central nervous system, with cannabinoid neuromodulatory ...
The plant-biosynthesized cannabinoid cannabidiol also shows "either direct or indirect activation" of TRPV1 receptors. [69] [42] TRPV1 colocalizes with CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors in sensory and brain neurons respectively, and other plant-cannabinoids like CBN, CBG, CBC, THCV, and CBDV are also agonists of this ion channel.
Cannabinol. Cannabinol (CBN) is a mildly psychoactive phytocannabinoid that acts as a low affinity partial agonist at both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors. This activity at CB 1 and CB 2 receptors constitutes interaction of CBN with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).