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X-ray. Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays. X-rays (X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of ...
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [3] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən] ⓘ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, [4] who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in ...
X-ray fluorescence. XRF scanning of the Rembrandt -painting Syndics of the Drapers' Guild. A handheld XRF analyzer gun. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays.
Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. Applications of radiography include medical ("diagnostic" radiography and "therapeutic") and industrial radiography. Similar techniques are used in airport security, (where "body scanners ...
The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) is the first and oldest radiology society in the United States. It was founded in 1900, in the early days of X-ray and radiation study. Headquartered in Leesburg, Virginia, the society publishes a monthly peer-reviewed journal: American Journal of Roentgenology (previously American Journal of Radiology ...
The main limitation of this type of CT is the bulk and inertia of the equipment (X-ray tube assembly and detector array on the opposite side of the circle) which limits the speed at which the equipment can spin. Some designs use two X-ray sources and detector arrays offset by an angle, as a technique to improve temporal resolution. [8] [9]
Crystal structure. Appearance. Crystal structure of table salt (sodium in purple, chlorine in green) In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. [ 1 ] Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that ...