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A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite (/ θ i ˈ ɒ d ə ˌ l aɪ t /) [1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes.
A theodolite is used to measure the horizontal angle between indicators on the two ends of the subtense bar. The distance from the telescope to the subtense bar is the height of an isosceles triangle formed with the theodolite at the upper vertex and the subtense bar length at its base, determined by trigonometry.
It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform triangulation calculations. [1]
Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying instruments; Ranging rod; Surveyor's chain; Surveyor's compass; Tachymeter (surveying) Tape (surveying) Tellurometer; Theodolite. Half theodolite; Plain theodolite; Simple theodolite; Great theodolite; Non-transit theodolite; Transit theodolite; Seconds theodolite; Electronic theodolite ...
The instrument is also fitted with a vertical semi-circular scale to measure the elevations of distant stations and therefore a height difference. Cross wires similar to those used in the microscopes are fitted into the eyepiece; they are adjustable by a screw thread which allowed angles to be measured to within five arc seconds.
The theodolite is an instrument for the measurement of angles. It uses two separate circles, protractors or alidades to measure angles in the horizontal and the vertical plane. A telescope mounted on trunnions is aligned vertically with the target object.
Normal-section azimuth is the angle measured at our viewpoint by a theodolite whose axis is perpendicular to the surface of the spheroid; geodetic azimuth (or geodesic azimuth) is the angle between north and the ellipsoidal geodesic (the shortest path on the surface of the spheroid from our viewpoint to Point 2).
The alidade is the part of a theodolite that rotates around the vertical axis, and that bears the horizontal axis around which the telescope (or visor, in early telescope-less instruments) turns up or down. In a sextant or octant the alidade is the turnable arm carrying a mirror and an index to a graduated circle in a vertical plane. Today it ...