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The original company was founded by T. L. Pelling and C. H. Stanley, who created Pelling Stanley and Company in 1857 In Liverpool. [1] The company soon specialized in importing canned food, which at the time was a novel product.
In 1880, Norwegian fish canneries began exporting sardines. [2] At the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893, the Norwegian exhibition included smoked sardines. [3]In 1903, a year after royal permission had been granted, Chr. Bjelland & Co. first began exporting the King Oscar brand of sardines to the United States, and by 1920, the brand was established in the USA and British markets. [4]
By the 20th century, the price of whitebait rose and it became known as a delicacy. [24] Currently, it commands high prices to the extent that it is the most expensive fish on the market, when available. The wholesale price is typically $60–$70 per kilogram ($27–$32/lb), but the retail price can be up to $140 per kilogram ($64/lb). [25]
Sardines from Akabane Station in Kita, Tokyo. Sardines (also known as pilchards) are a nutrient-rich, small, oily fish widely consumed by humans and as forage fish by larger fish species, seabirds and marine mammals. Sardines are a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Sardines can be canned, pickled, smoked, or eaten fresh.
One criterion suggests fish shorter in length than 15 cm (6 in) are sardines, and larger fish are pilchards. [15] The FAO/WHO Codex standard for canned sardines cites 21 species that may be classed as sardines. [4] Xouba is a small version of the pilchard which is prevalent in Spain. Xoubas, are small sardines, and a they come from Galicia, Spain.
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Sardine and pilchard are common names for various species of small, oily forage fish in the herring suborder Clupeoidei. [2] The term 'sardine' was first used in English during the early 15th century; a somewhat dubious etymology says it comes from the Italian island of Sardinia, around which sardines were once supposedly abundant.