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Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon , which is caused by cancer immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitor therapy). Symptoms typically consist of diarrhea, abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Less commonly, nausea and vomiting may occur, which may suggest the present of gastroenteritis. The severity ...
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. The therapy targets immune checkpoints , key regulators of the immune system that when stimulated can dampen the immune response to an immunologic stimulus.
An immune checkpoint regulator is a modulator of the immune system, that allows initiation of a productive immune response and prevents the onset of autoimmunity. Examples of such a molecule are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152), which is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells and programmed cell death 1 (CD279), which has an important role in down-regulating the immune ...
This checkpoint is the target of Merck & Co.'s melanoma drug Keytruda, which gained FDA approval in September 2014. The checkpoint is also the target of EMD Serono (Merck KGaA)'s drug Bavencio, which gained FDA approval in 2017. An advantage of targeting PD-1 is that it can restore immune function in the tumor microenvironment.
Between 5.7 and 9.1% of individuals treated with ipilimumab develop checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis. [35] Individual cases of severe neurologic disorders following ipilimumab have been observed, including acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy and an ascending motor paralysis, and myasthenia gravis. [36]
Pattern D is the least common, and appears similar to severe ulcerative colitis (6.50%). [2] SCAD is diagnosed by colonoscopy. Additional testing may be necessary to rule out infectious causes of colitis. Evaluation should include assessment for additional causes of colitis, such as medication induced (checkpoint inhibitors, NSAIDs, etc
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseaseBiological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]
1.04 Topoisomerase I inhibitor: Irinotecan: IV: Inhibits topoisomerase I. Colorectal cancer: Diarrhoea, myelosuppression, pulmonary infiltrates (uncommon), bradycardia (uncommon), ileus (rare) and colitis (rare). Topotecan: IV: Inhibits topoisomerase I. Small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer