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Non‑convex sets have been incorporated in the theories of general economic equilibria, [2] of market failures, [3] and of public economics. [4] These results are described in graduate-level textbooks in microeconomics , [ 5 ] general equilibrium theory, [ 6 ] game theory , [ 7 ] mathematical economics , [ 8 ] and applied mathematics (for ...
A set of convex-shaped indifference curves displays convex preferences: Given a convex indifference curve containing the set of all bundles (of two or more goods) that are all viewed as equally desired, the set of all goods bundles that are viewed as being at least as desired as those on the indifference curve is a convex set.
As used in biology, the indifference curve is a model for how animals 'decide' whether to perform a particular behavior, based on changes in two variables which can increase in intensity, one along the x-axis and the other along the y-axis. For example, the x-axis may measure the quantity of food available while the y-axis measures the risk ...
Convex demand curve. The demand is called convex (with respect to the origin [7]) if the (generally down-sloping) curve bends upwards, concave otherwise. [8] The demand curvature is fundamentally hard to estimate from the empirical data, with some researchers suggesting that demand with high convexity is practically improbable.
In welfare economics, a utility–possibility frontier (or utility possibilities curve), is a widely used concept analogous to the better-known production–possibility frontier. The graph shows the maximum amount of one person's utility given each level of utility attained by all others in society. [ 1 ]
In economics, non-convexity refers to violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics.Basic economics textbooks concentrate on consumers with convex preferences (that do not prefer extremes to in-between values) and convex budget sets and on producers with convex production sets; for convex models, the predicted economic behavior is well understood.
Concave preferences are the opposite of convex, where when , the average of A and B is worse than A. This is because concave curves slope outwards, meaning an average between two points on the same indifference curve would result in a point closer to the origin, thus giving a lower utility. [25]
In economics and consumer theory, quasilinear utility functions are linear in one argument, generally the numeraire. Quasilinear preferences can be represented by the utility function u ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x n ) = x 1 + θ ( x 2 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle u(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n})=x_{1}+\theta (x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n})} where θ {\displaystyle ...