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General Grant tree, General Grant Grove, Kings Canyon National Park, 2007. Giant sequoias occur naturally in only one place on Earth—the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California, on moist, unglaciated ridges and valleys [8] at an altitude of 820 to 2,100 meters (2,700 to 6,900 ft) above mean sea level.
Common names include coast redwood, coastal redwood and California redwood. It is an evergreen , long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–2,200 years or more. [ 4 ] This species includes the tallest living trees on Earth, reaching up to 115.9 m (380.1 ft) in height (without the roots ) and up to 8.9 m (29 ft) in diameter at breast height .
The IUCN Red List Category & Criteria assesses Sequoia sempervirens as Endangered (A2acd), Sequoiadendron giganteum as Endangered (B2ab) and Metasequoia glyptostroboides as Endangered (B1ab). In 2024 it was reported that over a period of two years about one-fifth of all giant sequoias were destroyed in extreme wildfires in California.
[14] [15] Another larger tree, the Crannell Creek Giant, a coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) cut down in the mid-1940s near Trinidad, California, is estimated to have been 15–25% larger than the General Sherman Tree by volume. Similarly, the Mother of the Forest, another giant sequoia, may have historically been larger than General Sherman.
General Sherman appears to be holding up well (not bad for a 2,200-year-old), but because of pests and climate change, the largest tree in the world needs a checkup
Redwood National Park, California, United States [62] [63] Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 8.85 29.0 General Grant: General Grant Grove, California, United States [64] A hollow, nameless Giant Sequoia along the Paradise Trail of the Atwell Mills Grove in Sequoia National Park, has a basal diameter (not girth) of 57 feet (17 meters). [65]
Groves range in size from 12.4 km 2 (3,100 acres) with 20,000 mature trees, to small groves with only six living trees. Many are protected in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and Giant Sequoia National Monument. The giant sequoia is usually found in a humid climate characterized by dry summers and snowy winters.
Hyperion, another coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), currently the tallest, is 115.85 m (380.1 ft), which also makes it the world's tallest known living tree. [ 15 ] See also