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Oral lichen planus [1] Cicatricial pemphigoid [1] or less commonly bullous pemphigoid [1] Pemphigus vulgaris [1] Linear immunoglobulin A disease [1] Dermatitis herpetiformis [1] Lupus erythematosus [1] Chronic ulcerative stomatitis [1] Chronic bacterial, fungal, and viral infections [1] Reactions to medications, mouthwashes, and chewing gum [1 ...
The several types of pemphigus (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis, and paraneoplastic pemphigus) vary in severity. Skin lesions caused by pemphigus can lead to fatal infections, so treatment is extremely important. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV - ICD-10 L10.0) is the most common form of the disorder ...
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus.Pemphigus was derived from the Greek word pemphix, meaning blister. [1] It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies are formed against desmosomes, components of the skin that function to keep certain layers of skin bound to each other.
If no lesions are present on examination it may be useful way of demonstrating reduced epithelial adhesion. In contrast, in Pemphigus, the epithelium tends to disintegrate rather than form a bulla. Nikolsky's sign is present in pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid, but not in bullous pemphigoid .
Treatment of the acute disease is by debridement and antibiotics, usually metronidazole. Poor oral hygiene and other predisposing factors may need to be corrected to prevent recurrence. Necrotizing gingivitis is also known as trench mouth, as it was observed to occur in the mouths of front line soldiers during World War I.
Even though cytological examination can provide rapid and reliable diagnosis for many skin diseases, its use is limited to a few diseases. In endemic regions, Tzanck test is used to diagnose leishmaniasis and leprosy. For other regions, Tzanck test is mainly used to diagnose pemphigus and herpetic infections.
The oral cavity contains over 500 different microorganisms. It is very hard to distinguish exactly which periodontal pathogen is causing the breakdown of tissues and bone. As such, the initial lesion is said to merely reflect "enhanced levels of activity" of host response mechanisms "normally operative within the gingival tissues." [15] [17] [18]
The histological picture involves thinner, weaker attachments of the skin lesion itself to the normal skin – resulting in easier dislodgement. The formation of new blisters upon slight pressure (direct Nikolsky) and shearing of the skin due to rubbing (indirect Nikolsky) is a sign of pemphigus vulgaris, albeit not a 100% reliable diagnosis. [8]