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The second step is the assessment of entering behavior. At this stage, the teacher needs to determine the present skills and prerequisite knowledge of learners. Gerlach and Ely (1980) explained that the teacher must ask the question, "To what extent has the student learned the terms, concepts and skills which are part of the course?"
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
Ralph W. Tyler introduced the idea of "backward design" (without using this particular term) in 1949 when referring to a statement of objectives.A statement of objectives is used to indicate the kinds of changes in the student to be brought about so that instructional activities can be planned and developed in a way likely to attain these objectives.
Understanding by Design, or UbD, is an educational theory for curriculum design of a school subject, where planners look at the desired outcomes at the end of the study in order to design curriculum units, performance assessments, and classroom instruction. [1]
ADDIE is an instructional systems design (ISD) framework that many instructional designers and training developers use to develop courses. [1] The name is an acronym for the five phases it defines for building training and performance support tools: Analysis; Design; Development; Implementation; Evaluation
Instructional scaffolding is the support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process. This support is specifically tailored to each student; this instructional approach allows students to experience student-centered learning , which tends to facilitate more efficient learning than teacher-centered learning.
Demonstrating, which is also called the coaching style or the Lecture-cum-Demonstration method, [11] is the process of teaching through examples or experiments. [12] The framework mixes the instructional strategies of information imparting and showing how. [11] For example, a science teacher may teach an idea by experimenting with students.
3D model used for teaching geometry. Instructional materials, also known as teaching materials, learning materials, or teaching/learning materials (TLM), [1] are any collection of materials including animate and inanimate objects and human and non-human resources that a teacher may use in teaching and learning situations to help achieve desired learning objectives.