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Pearls are irradiated to produce gray blue or gray-to-black colors. [24] Methods of using a cobalt-60 gamma ray facility to darken white Akoya pearls were patented in the early-1960s. [31] But the gamma ray treatment does not alter the color of the pearl's nacre, therefore is not effective if the pearl has a thick or non-transparent nacre. [31]
Cultured or farmed pearls from pearl oysters and freshwater mussels make up the majority of those currently sold. Imitation pearls are also widely sold in inexpensive jewelry. Pearls have been harvested and cultivated primarily for use in jewelry, but in the past were also used to adorn clothing. They have also been crushed and used in ...
The beads again are rolled in hot sand to remove flashing and soften seam lines. By making canes (the glass rods fed into the machine) striped or otherwise patterned, the resulting beads can be more elaborately colored than seed beads. One "feed" of a hot rod might result in 10–20 beads, and a single operator can make thousands in a day.
Physical characteristics that make a colored stone valuable are color, clarity to a lesser extent (emeralds will always have a number of inclusions), cut, unusual optical phenomena within the stone such as color zoning (the uneven distribution of coloring within a gem) [23] and asteria (star effects).
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as a conulariid.Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) [1] in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers.
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Luster or lustre - a transparent "pearl" effect applied to the surface of the seed bead; AB or aurora borealis - a rainbow effect applied to the surface of a seed bead; Formulas for different colors of glass are closely guarded. The recipe for a true black glass was lost during World War I, [6] and modern black glass held to sunlight is a deep ...
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