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All known pyroelectric materials are also piezoelectric. Despite being pyroelectric, novel materials such as boron aluminum nitride (BAlN) and boron gallium nitride (BGaN) have zero piezoelectric response for strain along the c-axis at certain compositions, [5] the two properties being closely related. However, note that some piezoelectric ...
The phenomenon of pyroelectric fusion has been demonstrated using a lithium tantalate crystal producing a large enough charge to generate and accelerate a beam of deuterium nuclei into a deuterated target resulting in the production of a small flux of helium-3 and neutrons through nuclear fusion without extreme heat or pressure.
Ferroelectric polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride and poly[(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene], are very attractive for many applications because they exhibit good piezoelectric and pyroelectric responses and low acoustic impedance, which matches water and human skin. More importantly, they can be tailored to meet various requirements.
A pyroelectric nanogenerator is an energy-harvesting device that converts external thermal energy into electrical energy by using nano-structured pyroelectric materials. The pyroelectric effect is about the spontaneous polarization in certain anisotropic solids as a result of temperature fluctuation. [ 61 ]
Due to the unipolar axis characteristics of the pyroelectric crystal, it is characterized by asymmetry. Polarization due to changes in temperature, the so-called pyroelectric effect, is currently widely used in sensor technology. Pyroelectric crystals need to be very thin to prepare and are plated in a direction perpendicular to the polar axis.
The Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the usage and design of materials for application in engineering.
The novel idea with the pyroelectric approach to fusion is in its application of the pyroelectric effect to generate accelerating electric fields. This is done by heating the crystal from −34 °C to +7 °C over a period of a few minutes. Nuclear D-D fusion driven by pyroelectric crystals was proposed by Naranjo and Putterman in 2002. [8]
The Olsen cycle can generate electricity directly from heat when applied to a pyroelectric material, [6] and has been the most favorable method for the generation of electricity from heat using pyroelectric energy harvesting. [7] It consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes in the displacement versus electric field diagram. [8]