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Perform I/O Operations in Parallel; Description from POSIX standard; Inside I/O Completion Ports by Mark Russinovich; Description from .NET Framework Developer's Guide; Asynchronous I/O and The Asynchronous Disk I/O Explorer; IO::AIO is a Perl module offering an asynchronous interface for most I/O operations; ACE Proactor
[1] [4] Conversely, the memory order is called weak or relaxed when one thread cannot predict the order of operations arising from another thread. [1] [4] Many naïvely written parallel algorithms fail when compiled or executed with a weak memory order. [5] [6] The problem is most often solved by inserting memory barrier instructions into the ...
Memory-mapped I/O is preferred in IA-32 and x86-64 based architectures because the instructions that perform port-based I/O are limited to one register: EAX, AX, and AL are the only registers that data can be moved into or out of, and either a byte-sized immediate value in the instruction or a value in register DX determines which port is the source or destination port of the transfer.
Another Unix breakthrough was to automatically associate input and output to terminal keyboard and terminal display, respectively, by default [citation needed] — the program (and programmer) did absolutely nothing to establish input and output for a typical input-process-output program (unless it chose a different paradigm).
Then we are told that the 1st part is not sped up, so s1 = 1, while the 2nd part is sped up 5 times, so s2 = 5, the 3rd part is sped up 20 times, so s3 = 20, and the 4th part is sped up 1.6 times, so s4 = 1.6. By using Amdahl's law, the overall speedup is
An alternative method is via instruction-based I/O which requires that a CPU have specialized instructions for I/O. [1] Both input and output devices have a data processing rate that can vary greatly. [2] With some devices able to exchange data at very high speeds direct access to memory (DMA) without the continuous aid of a CPU is required. [2]
A poll message is a control-acknowledgment message.. In a multidrop line arrangement (a central computer and different terminals in which the terminals share a single communication line to and from the computer), the system uses a master/slave polling arrangement whereby the central computer sends message (called polling message) to a specific terminal on the outgoing line.
Python aims to be simple and consistent in the design of its syntax, encapsulated in the mantra "There should be one— and preferably only one —obvious way to do it", from the Zen of Python. [2] This mantra is deliberately opposed to the Perl and Ruby mantra, "there's more than one way to do it".