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The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF; Indonesian: Arus Lintas Indonesia) is an ocean current with importance for global climate as is the low-latitude movement of warm, relative freshwater from the north Pacific to the Indian Ocean. It thus serves as a main upper branch of the global heat/salt conveyor belt.
Indonesia as an archipelago, is responsible for maintaining security in the international shipping routes of the Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL), as stated by the 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [14] Due to the maritime issues experienced along the Lombok Strait, there is a need for Indonesia to establish management ...
The other is known as the warm route, which moves through the Indonesian Throughflow and transports warm water into the Indian Ocean. With the Tasman Outflow there is a third route of the thermohaline circulation with Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water transport from the Pacific to the North Atlantic.
The project is not without negative environmental impacts and social consequences: one study by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia found that the project, once underway, could erode the islands in the western part of the bay of Jakarta, destroy the coral reef and lead to the stagnation of polluted water behind the sea wall.
The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, KKP) is a government ministry that organizes marine affairs and fisheries within the Indonesian government. Task and function
Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia is characterized by poor levels of access and service quality. More than 16 million people lack access to an at least basic water source and almost 33 million of the country's 275 million population has no access to at least basic sanitation . [ 4 ]
Indonesia is a signatory to the Paris agreement, committing to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions by 29% by 2030. They have further agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by 90% by 2030, this also includes restoring 12 million hectares of degraded peatlands and forest. [ 91 ]
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