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  2. Aristotelian physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_physics

    Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). In his work Physics, Aristotle intended to establish general principles of change that govern all natural bodies, both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial – including all motion (change with respect to place), quantitative change (change with respect to ...

  3. Unmoved mover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover

    [28] Aristotle concludes that the number of all the movers equals the number of separate movements, and we can determine these by considering the mathematical science most akin to philosophy, i.e., astronomy. Although the mathematicians differ on the number of movements, Aristotle considers that the number of celestial spheres would

  4. Theory of impetus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_impetus

    The theory of impetus [1] is an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. It was introduced by John Philoponus in the 6th century, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and elaborated by Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji at the end of the 12th century. [ 4 ]

  5. Physics (Aristotle) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_(Aristotle)

    Aristotle's response, as a Greek, could hardly be affirmative, never having been told of a creatio ex nihilo, but he also has philosophical reasons for denying that motion had not always existed, on the grounds of the theory presented in the earlier books of the Physics. Eternity of motion is also confirmed by the existence of a substance which ...

  6. Jean Buridan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan

    Jean Buridan (French:; Latin: Johannes Buridanus; c. 1301 – c. 1359/62) was an influential 14th‑century French philosopher.. Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and on the works of Aristotle.

  7. Metaphysics (Aristotle) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics_(Aristotle)

    Many of Aristotle's works are extremely compressed, and many scholars believe that in their current form, they are likely lecture notes. [2] Subsequent to the arrangement of Aristotle's works by Andronicus of Rhodes in the first century BC, a number of his treatises were referred to as the writings "after ("meta") the Physics" [b], the origin of the current title for the collection Metaphysics.

  8. Potentiality and actuality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality

    In terms of Aristotle's theory of four causes, a material's non-accidental potential is the material cause of the things that can come to be from that material, and one part of how we can understand the substance (ousia, sometimes translated as "thinghood") of any separate thing.

  9. Aristotle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle

    Darwin, too, noted these sorts of differences between similar kinds of animal, but unlike Aristotle used the data to come to the theory of evolution. [92] Aristotle's writings can seem to modern readers close to implying evolution, but while Aristotle was aware that new mutations or hybridizations could occur, he saw these as rare accidents ...