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The involute gear profile, sometimes credited to Leonhard Euler, [1] was a fundamental advance in machine design, since unlike with other gear systems, the tooth profile of an involute gear depends only on the number of teeth on the gear, pressure angle, and pitch. That is, a gear's profile does not depend on the gear it mates with.
Involute teeth of spur gears, helical gears, and worms are those in which the profile in a transverse plane (exclusive of the fillet curve) is the involute of a circle. [ 1 ] Lands
The same involute gear may be used under conditions that change its operating pitch diameter and pressure angle. Unless there is a good reason for doing otherwise, it is practical to consider that the pitch and the profile angle of a single gear correspond to the pitch and the profile angle of the hob or cutter used to generate its teeth.
In involute gears, the tooth profile is generated by the involute of the base circle. The radius of the base circle is somewhat smaller than that of the pitch circle Base pitch, normal pitch, p b In involute gears, distance from one face of a tooth to the corresponding face of an adjacent tooth on the same gear, measured along the base circle
A cycloidal gear is a toothed gear with a cycloidal profile. Such gears are used in mechanical clocks and watches , rather than the involute gear form used for most other gears. Cycloidal gears have advantages over involute gears in such applications in being able to be produced flat (making them easier to polish, and thereby reduce friction ...
The most common profiles of modern gear teeth are involutes of a circle. In an involute gear system, the teeth of two meshing gears contact at a single instantaneous point that follows along a single straight line of action. The forces the contacting teeth exert on each other also follow this line and are normal to the teeth.
The cylindrical gear tooth profile corresponds to an involute (i.e. a triangle wave projected on the circumference of a circle), whereas the bevel gear tooth profile is an octoid [definition needed] (i.e. a triangle wave projected on the normal path of a circle of a sphere).
On the pinion, the profile of the working tooth surfaces is usually an arc of involute, as in most gears. On the rack, on the other hand, the matching working surfaces are flat. One may interpret them as involute tooth faces for a gear with infinite radius. In both parts the teeth are typically formed with a gear cutter (a hob). [1]