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GLP1 poly-agonist peptides [1] are a class of drugs that activate multiple peptide hormone receptors including the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. These drugs are developed for the same indications as GLP-1 receptor agonists —especially obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
Pramlintide has been approved on 3/16/2005 by the FDA, for use by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients who use insulin. [6] (subscription required) Pramlintide allows patients to use less insulin, lowers average blood sugar levels, and substantially reduces what otherwise would be a large unhealthy rise in blood sugar that occurs in diabetics right after eating.
This injectable medication is only FDA-approved to help with blood sugar control in those with type 2 diabetes, but it’s also often prescribed off-label to treat overweight and obesity.
Native GLP-1 is a peptide hormone with a half-life of two minutes because it is rapidly cleared by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. [27] As a result, different GLP-1 agonist drugs are modified in various ways to extend the half-life, resulting in drugs that can be dosed multiple times per day, daily, weekly, or less often. [27]
Peptide therapeutics are peptides or polypeptides (oligomers or short polymers of amino acids) which are used to for the treatment of diseases.Naturally occurring peptides may serve as hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, ion channel ligands, and anti-infectives; peptide therapeutics mimic such functions.
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