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  2. Grubel–Lloyd index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrubelLloyd_index

    The Grubel–Lloyd index measures intra-industry trade of a particular product. It was introduced by Herb Grubel and Peter Lloyd in 1971. = (+) ...

  3. Intra-industry trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intra-industry_trade

    Various indexes of IIT have been created, including the Grubel–Lloyd index, the Balassa index, the Aquino index, the Bergstrand index and the Glesjer index. Research suggests that IIT is not simply a fiction or artifact produced by statistical classifications and definitions, but very much a reality.

  4. Herb Grubel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Grubel

    Grubel has published 27 books and more than 130 professional articles in economics, dealing with international trade and finance and a wide range of economic policy issues. One of his most important contributions to international economics is the Grubel–Lloyd index , which measures intra-industry trade of a particular product.

  5. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...

  6. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Definition National government: The government of a nation-state and is a characteristic of a unitary state. This is the same thing as a federal government which may have distinct powers at various levels authorized or delegated to it by its member states, though the adjective 'central' is sometimes used to describe it. The structure of central ...

  7. AP United States Government and Politics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_United_States...

    Advanced Placement (AP) United States Government and Politics (often shortened to AP Gov or AP GoPo and sometimes referred to as AP American Government or simply AP Government) is a college-level course and examination offered to high school students through the College Board's Advanced Placement Program.

  8. Multi-level governance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-level_governance

    Multi-level governance is an approach in political science and public administration theory that originated from studies on European integration.Political scientists Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks developed the concept of multi-level governance in the early 1990s and have continuously been contributing to the research program in a series of articles (see Bibliography). [3]

  9. Technology readiness level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_readiness_level

    Its handbook [2] closely follows the NASA definition of TRLs. In 2022, the ESA TRL Calculator was released to the public. The universal usage of TRL in EU policy was proposed in the final report of the first High Level Expert Group on Key Enabling Technologies, [ 25 ] and it was implemented in the subsequent EU framework program, called H2020 ...