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In 1939 Kurt Lewin was invited by Alfred Marrow, the managing director of the factory, to discuss significant problems of labor with the staff of the Harwood Manufacturing Corporation. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The Harwood study is considered the first experiment of group decision making and self-management in industry and the first example of applied ...
Kurt Lewin (/ l ɛ ˈ v iː n / lə-VEEN; 9 September 1890 – 12 February 1947) was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States. [1]
When Lewin moved to the USA, he had become more involved with real world issues and the need to understand and change human behavior. His desire and personal involvement with gestalt psychology led to the development of his field theory. [1] Lewin's field theory emphasized interpersonal conflict, individual personalities, and situational variables.
The German gestalt psychologist Kurt Lewin first introduced this concept in the early part of the 20th century prior to his exile in the United States. [2] It emerged in his attempt to use mathematical concepts to deal with psychological problems and was based on Albert Einstein's notion of "field space" and mathematics from modern topology theory. [3]
Kurt Lewin played a key role in the evolution of organization development as it is known today. As early as World War II (1939-1945), Lewin experimented with a collaborative change-process (involving himself as a consultant and a client group) based on a three-step process of planning, taking action, and measuring results. This was the ...
1936 – Kurt Lewin published Principles of Topological Psychology, [39] containing Lewin's Equation B = f (P, E), meaning that behavior is a function of a person in their environment. 1936 – Wilhelm Reich published The Sexual Revolution.
This was first described by Lewin, Lippitt, and White in 1939, along with the autocratic leadership and the democratic leadership styles. [16] Laissez-faire leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make decisions concerning the completion of their work.
The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation developed two innovations specifically designed to encourage and facilitate interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary exchanges; one was oral: the Macy conferences, and one was written: the Macy transactions (published transcriptions of the conferences).