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  2. Lien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien

    A lien (/ ˈ l iː n / or / ˈ l iː ən /) [Note 1] is a form of security interest granted over an item of property to secure the payment of a debt or performance of some other obligation. The owner of the property, who grants the lien, is referred to as the lienee [3] and the person who has the benefit of the lien is referred to as the lienor ...

  3. Incumbent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent

    The word "incumbent" is derived from the Latin verb incumbere, literally meaning "to lean or lay upon" with the present participle stem incumbent-, "leaning a variant of encumber, [1] while encumber is derived from the root cumber, [2] most appropriately defined: "To occupy obstructively or inconveniently; to block fill up with what hinders freedom of motion or action; to burden, load."

  4. Land tenure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_tenure

    The legal concept of land tenure in the Middle Ages has become known as the feudal system that has been widely used throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia Minor.The lords who received land directly from the Crown, or another landowner, in exchange for certain rights and obligations were called tenants-in-chief.

  5. Torrens title - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrens_title

    Torrens title is a land registration and land transfer system in which a state creates and maintains a register of land holdings, which serves as the conclusive evidence (termed "indefeasibility") of title of the person recorded on the register as the proprietor (owner), and of all other interests recorded on the register.

  6. Title (property) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_(property)

    For real property, land registration and recording provide public notice of ownership information. Possession is the actual holding of a thing, whether or not one has any right to do so. The right of possession is the legitimacy of possession (with or without actual possession), evidence for which is such that the law will uphold it unless a ...

  7. Adequate and independent state ground - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adequate_and_independent...

    The adequate and independent state ground doctrine states that when a litigant petitions the U.S. Supreme Court to review the judgment of a state court which rests upon both federal and non-federal (state) law, the U.S. Supreme Court does not have jurisdiction over the case if the state ground is (1) “adequate” to support the judgment, and ...

  8. Real estate contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate_contract

    Money is the most common form of consideration, but other consideration of value, such as other property in exchange, or a promise to perform (i.e. a promise to pay) is also satisfactory. Notarization by a notary public is normally not required for a real estate contract, but many recording offices require that a seller's or conveyor's ...

  9. UCC-1 financing statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCC-1_financing_statement

    This process is also called "perfecting the security interest" in the property, and this type of loan is a secured loan. [2] A financing statement may also be filed in the real estate records by a lessor of fixtures to establish the priority of the lessor's rights against a holder of a mortgage or other lien on the real property.