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Newlands arranged all of the known elements, starting with hydrogen and ending with thorium (atomic weight 232), into eight groups of seven, which he likened to octaves of music. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In Newlands' table, the elements were ordered by the atomic weights that were known at the time and were numbered sequentially to show their order.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...
He called this a Law of Octaves. Three years later, in 1866, he presented his ideas to the Chemical Society, unfortunately for Newlands, the musical analogy was not well received – the audience suggesting he might as well have ordered the elements alphabetically.
The law of octaves relates all processes which occur in time to the diatonic scale, ascribing a particular meaning to the intervals corresponding to the just diatonic semitone (a pitch ratio of 16:15). All vibrations are said to proceed with periodic unevenness corresponding to the diatonic scale.
John Newlands proposes the law of octaves, a precursor to the periodic law. [65] 1864 Lothar Meyer develops an early version of the periodic table, with 28 elements organized by valence. [66] 1864 Cato Maximilian Guldberg and Peter Waage, building on Claude Louis Berthollet's ideas, proposed the law of mass action. [67] [68] [69] 1865
He referred to his idea as the Law of Octaves, at one point drawing an analogy with an eight-key musical scale. John Gladstone, a fellow chemist, objected on the basis that Newlands's table presumed no elements remained to be discovered. "The last few years had brought forth thallium, indium, caesium, and rubidium, and now the finding of one ...
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Monkeys experience octave equivalence, and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping of neurons in the auditory thalamus of the mammalian brain. [12] Studies have also shown the perception of octave equivalence in rats, [13] human infants, [14] and musicians [15] but not starlings, [16] 4–9-year-old children, [17] or non-musicians.