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The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. [5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor.
Vitamin D is produced in the keratinocytes of two innermost strata of the epidermis, the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, which also are able to produce calcitriol and express the vitamin D receptor. [183] The 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with UVB light at wavelengths of 290–315 nm.
Vitamin D response element (VDRE) is a type of DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. This sequence binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR), when complexed with calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D), the active form of vitamin D, and so regulates the expression of many genes.
Location of brain regions related to vitamin D. Receptors: In addition to vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor (VDR) proteins are also found in the brain; more specifically, they are found in the cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus. [1]
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
[104] [106] Important steps in vitamin D mediated transcriptional regulation include 1) binding of vitamin D on its cognate vitamin D receptor (VDR), 2) the translocation of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-retinoid X receptor heterodimer complex in the nucleus, 3) binding VDR-RXR complex on the TRPV6 gene promoter, 4) recruitment of steroid receptor ...
Transcription of the CYP24A1 gene is markedly inducible by 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 binding to the vitamin D receptor. [6] The gene has a strong, positive vitamin D response element in the promoter. Through regulation of CYP24A1 expression, a negative feedback control system is created to limit the effects of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3. [6]
The vitamin D receptor belongs to the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily, and is found on the cells of many different tissues including the thyroid, bone, kidney, and T cells of the immune system. T cells are known to play a role in psoriasis, and it is thought that the binding of calcipotriol to the VDR modulates the T cells gene ...