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The intentional dissemination of misstatements (disinformation) is commonly termed as deception or lying, while unintentional inaccuracies may arise from misconceptions, misinformation, or mistakes. Although the word fallacy is sometimes used as a synonym for false statement, that is not how the word is used in most formal contexts.
Lie to Me is a television series based on behavior analysts who read lies through facial expressions and body language. The Invention of Lying is a 2009 movie depicting the fictitious invention of the first lie, starring Ricky Gervais , Jennifer Garner , Rob Lowe , and Tina Fey .
Deception detection can decrease with increased empathy. [48] Emotion recognition training does not affect the ability to detect deception. [48] Mark Frank proposes that deception is detected at the cognitive level. [49] Lying requires deliberate conscious behavior, so listening to speech and watching body language are important factors in ...
Paltering differs from a lie of omission in the following way, as described by Todd Rogers of the Kennedy School: When selling a used car with engine trouble, a lie of omission would be a silent failure to correct a buyer who said, "I presume the car is in excellent shape and the engine runs well", while paltering would involve deceiving the ...
The term "horseshit" is a near synonym. An occasionally used South African English equivalent, though more common in Australian slang , is " bull dust ". Although there is no confirmed etymological connection, these older meanings are synonymous with the modern expression "bull", generally considered and used as a contraction of "bullshit".
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Othello (left) and Iago (right) from Othello by William Shakespeare.Much of the tragedy of the play is brought about by advice Iago gives to Othello in bad faith. Bad faith (Latin: mala fides) is a sustained form of deception which consists of entertaining or pretending to entertain one set of feelings while acting as if influenced by another. [1]
Normal lies are defensive and told to avoid the consequences of truth telling. They are often white lies that spare another's feelings, reflect a pro-social attitude, and make civilized human contact possible. [14] Pathological lying can be described as an habituation of lying: someone consistently lies for no obvious personal gain. [31]