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A coal fire in China Open-cast mining continues near a fire at Jharia coalfield in India.. A coal-seam fire is a burning of an outcrop or underground coal seam.Most coal-seam fires exhibit smouldering combustion, [1] particularly underground coal-seam fires, because of limited atmospheric oxygen availability.
These fires were typically controlled burns or "cool fires", as opposed to uncontrolled "hot fires", which damage the soil. Hot fires destroy plants and animals, and endanger communities. [ 21 ] This is especially a problem in the forests of today where traditional burning is prevented in order to encourage the growth of timber crops.
The longer fire seasons are due to the increased heat and length of summer and spring, which are the most common seasons for wildfires. [20] These longer seasons also start earlier due to the loss of snowpack during the winter causing less moisture in summer soil making it better fuel for wildfires. [21]
Human-caused fires are also responsible for 97% of wildfires that threaten homes. People often start wildfires through dangerous actions, including open burning, campfires, firearms and equipment use.
Cause: Slash-and-burn approach to deforest land for agriculture and effects of climate change and global warming due to unusually longer dry season and above average temperatures worldwide throughout 2019: Map; Amazon rainforest ecoregions as delineated by the WWF in white and the Amazon drainage basin in blue.
Wildfire prevention programs around the world may employ techniques such as wildland fire use (WFU) and prescribed or controlled burns. [121] [122] Wildland fire use refers to any fire of natural causes that is monitored but allowed to burn. Controlled burns are fires ignited by government agencies under less dangerous weather conditions. [123]
The causes of the remaining fires remain under investigation. The last active fire of the October 2007 fires, the Harris Fire, was fully extinguished on November 16, 2007, about 27 days after the series of wildfires had begun to ignite. [28] [29] The October 2007 wildfires collectively caused over $2 billion in property damages. [8] [9]
Its original cause and start date are still a matter of debate. [1] [page needed] [2] [3] [page needed] It is burning at depths of up to 300 ft (90 m) over an 8 mi (13 km) stretch of 3,700 acres (15 km 2). [4] At its current rate, it could continue to burn for over 250 years. [5] Due to the fire, Centralia was mostly abandoned in the 1980s.