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The Book of Caverns is one of the best sources of information about the Egyptian concept of hell. [2] The Book of Caverns originated in the 13th century BC in the Ramesside Period. [3] The earliest known version of this work is on the left hand wall of the Osireion in Abydos. [1] Later it appears in the tomb of Ramesses IV in the Valley of the ...
On both sides are images of Ramesses VI before Ra-Horakhty and Osiris.The scenes originally depicted Ramesses V but were usurped. On the south wall of the corridor begin the scenes from a complete version of the Book of Gates, while the north wall is decorated with an almost complete exemplar of the Book of Caverns. [4]
The savants accompanying Napoleon's campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV2 as "IIe Tombeau" ("2nd Tomb") in their list. [10] Other visitors of note included James Burton , who mapped the tomb in 1825, and the Franco-Tuscan Expedition of 1828–1829, who conducted an epigraphic survey of the tomb's inscriptions.
KV6 schematic. Tomb KV6 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings is the final resting place of the 20th-Dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses IX.However, the archaeological evidence and the quality of decoration it contains indicates that the tomb was not finished in time for Ramesses's death but was hastily rushed through to completion, many corners being cut, following his demise.
Early European visitors to the area included Richard Pococke, who visited KV1 and designated it "Tomb A" in his Observations of Egypt, published in 1743. [ 6 ] The savants accompanying Napoleon 's campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV1 as "1er Tombeau" ("1st Tomb") in their list.
The text describes the Duat, or underworld, as a realm divided into twelve caves, much like the twelve hours found in the Amduat and the Book of Gates, two other funerary texts from the early New Kingdom. Each cave is described as containing several groups of deities who grant benefits to the soul of a deceased person, such as enabling the ...
The first seven caverns contained groups of three mummiform and three anthropomorphic deities, two male and one female in each triad. From the 8th to the 20th cavern, one would find divinities in variable numbers: in the 8th, for example, there were seven groups along with individual divinities, and at least twenty of them in the 9th. [ 4 ]
The Amduat [pronunciation?] (Ancient Egyptian: jmj dwꜣt, literally "That Which Is In the Afterworld", also translated as "Text of the Hidden Chamber Which is in the Underworld" and "Book of What is in the Underworld"; Arabic: كتاب الآخرة, romanized: Kitab al-Akhira) [1] is an important ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom of Egypt.