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The results of the chimpanzee genome project suggest that when ancestral chromosomes 2A and 2B fused to produce human chromosome 2, no genes were lost from the fused ends of 2A and 2B. At the site of fusion, there are approximately 150,000 base pairs of sequence not found in chimpanzee chromosomes 2A and 2B.
The percentage of nucleotides in the human genome (hg38) that had one-to-one exact matches in the chimpanzee genome (pantro6) was 84.38%. Additionally gene trees, generated by comparative analysis of DNA segments, do not always fit the species tree. Summing up: The sequence divergence varies significantly between humans, chimpanzees and gorillas.
The chimpanzee–human last common ancestor (CHLCA) is the last common ancestor shared by the extant Homo (human) and Pan (chimpanzee and bonobo) genera of Hominini.Estimates of the divergence date vary widely from thirteen to five million years ago.
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 2. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome vary. Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number ...
A draft version of the chimpanzee genome was published in 2005 and encodes 18,759 proteins, [30] [31] (compared to 20,383 in the human proteome). [32] The DNA sequences of humans and chimpanzees are very similar and the difference in protein number mostly arises from incomplete sequences in the chimpanzee genome.
The Human Genome Project was a 13-year-long publicly funded project initiated in 1990 with the objective of determining the DNA sequence of the entire euchromatic human genome within 13 years. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The idea of such a project originated in the work of Ronald A. Fisher , whose work is also credited with later initiating the project. [ 10 ]
The myth of the one percent refers to the 1975 study done by Wilson and King [1] that asserted that human-chimpanzee divergence is about 1%. Humans share a common ancestor with chimpanzees, and the rapid evolution of chimpanzees and humans, along with gorillas and bonobos, has led to difficulties in creating an accurate lineage or tree topology.
The spelling chimpanzee is found in a 1758 supplement to Chamber's Cyclopædia. [12] The colloquialism "chimp" was most likely coined some time in the late 1870s. [13] [14] The chimpanzee was named Simia troglodytes by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in 1776.