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The history of Australia from 1901 to 1945 begins with the federation of the six colonies to create the Commonwealth of Australia. The young nation joined Britain in the First World War, suffered through the Great Depression in Australia as part of the global Great Depression and again joined Britain in the Second World War against Nazi Germany in 1939.
The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the last glacial period. [1] [2] Arriving by sea, they settled the continent and had formed approximately 250 distinct language groups by the time of European settlement, maintaining some of the longest known continuing artistic and religious traditions in the world.
Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia on 16 September 1975. Canada: 1 July 1867: 11 December 1931: 17 April 1982: Canada Act 1982: Quebec voted against independence from Canada in two referendums in 1980 and 1995. Ireland: 6 December 1922 [c] 12 November 1931: 18 April 1949: Republic of Ireland Act and Ireland Act 1949
The gold rush initially caused inflation and labour shortages as male workers moved to the goldfields. Immigrants als poured in from Britain, Europe, the United States and China. The Australian population increased from 430,000 in 1851 to 1,170,000 in 1861. Victoria became the most populous colony and Melbourne the largest city. [197] [198]
[15] [16] The Swan River Colony of Western Australia was established in 1832, separately from that of New South Wales, effectively taking over by Britain of the remainder of the Australian continent. Following the Treaty of Waitangi , William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 and was part of the colony of New South Wales.
While most of the countries of Oceania have a specific independence day, the independence of Australia and the independence of New Zealand were a gradual process and cannot be associated clearly with a specific date. Most of the British colonies in Australia gained responsible government in the 1850s, as did New
Independence from Australia and cessation of UN Trust Territory status New Zealand: 6 February 1840: Treaty of Waitangi where the British Crown established a right to govern from indigenous Māori tribes [49] 17 January 1853: Self-Government: 1 June 1962: Samoa becomes fully independent from New Zealand. It is also the first small-island ...
Independence restored after the dissolution of the Greater Republic of Central America, initial independence in 1838. January 1, 1901 United Kingdom Australia: Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. May 20, 1902 United States Cuba