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1815 1878 1900 1919 1939 1945 c. 2000 Austria [nb 1] Austria-Hungary [nb 2] Austria-Hungary [nb 3] British Empire [nb 4] British Empire [nb 5] British Empire [nb 6] British Empire [nb 7]
Ancient Egypt reached the zenith of its power during the New Kingdom (1570–1070 BC) under great pharaohs. Ancient Egypt was a great power to be contended with by both the ancient Near East, the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa. The empire expanded far south into Nubia and held wide territories across the ancient Near East.
Europe in 526 AD with the three dominating powers of the west. Roman authority in the Western part of the empire had collapsed, and a power vacuum left in the wake of this collapse; the central organization, institutions, laws and power of Rome had broken down, resulting in many areas being open to invasion by migrating tribes.
The home and colonial areas of the world's empires in 1908, as given by The Harmsworth Atlas and Gazetteer. Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed.
List of ancient great powers, a list of great powers before the year 500 AD; List of medieval great powers, a list of great powers after the year 400 to 1500; List of modern great powers, a list of great powers since the year 1500 to the present
European International Relations, 1648–1815 (2002) excerpt and text search; Burbank, Jane, and Frederick Cooper. Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference (2011), Very wide-ranging coverage from Rome to the 1980s; 511pp; Dodge, Ernest S. Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia (1976) Furber, Holden.
Early modern Europe was dominated by the Wars of Religion, notably the Thirty Years' War, during which the major European monarchies developed into centralised great powers sustained by their colonial empires. The main European monarchical powers in the early modern period were: [citation needed] the Kingdom of France with its colonial empire
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending for power, [1] which culminated in the World Wars of the early 20th century.