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Leukoedema lesions disappear when the mucosa is stretched, which helps to differentiate it from other white lesions in the mouth. [2] The differential diagnosis is with leukoplakia , oral candidiasis , oral lichen planus , white sponge nevus , morsicatio buccarum , [ 3 ] hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis and dyskeratosis congenita.
The lesion is a white patch, which almost exclusively occurs on the lateral surfaces of the tongue, although rarely it may occur on the buccal mucosa, soft palate, pharynx or esophagus. [5] The lesion may grow to involve the dorsal surface of the tongue. The texture is vertically corrugated ("hairy") or thickly furrowed and shaggy in appearance.
Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV) is inflammation of small blood vessels, usually accompanied by small lumps beneath the skin. [1]: 831 [2] The condition is also known as hypersensitivity vasculitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hypersensitivity angiitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis, cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis and cutaneous necrotizing venulitis, [3]
Red lesions (erythroplasia) and mixed red and white lesions (erythroleukoplakia/"speckled leukoplakia") have a higher risk of malignant change than homogeneous leukoplakia. [15] Verrucous or nodular areas have a higher risk. [3] Although smoking increases risk of malignant transformation, smoking also causes many white patches with no dysplasia ...
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
Conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer Condition Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma; Xeroderma pigmentosum + + Oculocutaneous albinism + + Epidermodysplasia verruciformis + Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa + Ferguson–Smith syndrome + Muir–Torre ...
Vitiligo (/ ˌ v ɪ t ɪ ˈ l aɪ ɡ oʊ /, vi-ti-leye-goh) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. [1] The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it may be related to immune system changes, genetic factors, stress, or sun exposure. [5] [6] Treatment options include topical medications, light therapy ...