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Discretionary tasks allow members of the group to determine which way they will use and/or combine individual contributions. [2] Examples provided in Forysth's summary of Steiner's work include choosing to vote on the best answer to a problem or to rely on the expertise of one group member to provide the group answer. [2]
The input–process–output (IPO) model of teams provides a framework for conceptualizing teams. The IPO model suggests that many factors influence a team's productivity and cohesiveness . It "provides a way to understand how teams perform, and how to maximize their performance".
Social group work is a method through which individuals in groups in a social agency setting are helped by a worker who guides their interaction through group activities so they may relate to others and experience growth opportunities in line with their needs and capacities of the individual, group and community development. It aims at the ...
In the second stage of group development members disagree among themselves about group goals and procedures. Conflict is an inevitable part of this process. The group's task at Stage 2 is to develop a unified set of goals, values, and operational procedures, and this task inevitably generates some conflict.
"With group norms and roles established, group members focus on achieving common goals, often reaching an unexpectedly high level of success." [3] By this time, they are motivated and knowledgeable. The team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision.
The group work has to be carefully planned and frequently requires a facilitator to ensure group progress. In addition, the group function and the learning that takes place needs to be assessed and evaluated. In important part of this process is planning purposeful questions and getting students to talk to each other and within the class. [6]
The process of the reverse Jigsaw method can be explained in 3 steps: Students gather in mixed groups where they are each given a case study with a number of questions or one complex question to discuss. Each group member is given a unique topic, so a discussion is initiated within it, and the main points and outcomes are noted.
The three major intragroup process constructs examined are intra-group conflict, team cohesion, and team-efficacy. Intra-group conflict is an integral part of the process a team undergoes and the effectiveness of the unit that was formed. Previous research has differentiated two components of intra-group conflict: