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X-ray Markers, also known as: anatomical side markers, [1] Pb markers, lead markers, x-ray lead markers, or radiographic film identification markers, are used to mark x-ray films, both in hospitals and in industrial workplaces (such as on aeroplane parts and motors). They are used on radiographic images to determine anatomical side of body ...
A 64-slice CT with reconstructions does not entirely rule out ligamentous injury leading to instability, but is a practical means of identifying the majority of C-spine injuries in obtunded patients. MR C-spine has frequent false-positives, limiting its usefulness. [citation needed] In these cases, a consultation with a Spine Surgery specialist ...
Historically the procedure involved the injection of a radiocontrast agent into the cervical or lumbar spine, followed by several X-ray projections. Today, myelography has largely been replaced by the use of MRI scans , although the technique is still sometimes used under certain circumstances – though now usually in conjunction with CT ...
Position of C7 shown in red. The vertebra prominens , or C7, has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process, which is palpable from the skin surface. Sometimes, the seventh cervical vertebra is associated with an abnormal extra rib, known as a cervical rib , which develops from the anterior root of the transverse process.
In order to prevent further injury, such people may have a collar placed by medical professionals until X-rays can be taken to determine if a cervical spine fracture exists. [5] Medical professionals will often use the NEXUS criteria and/or the Canadian C-spine rules to clear a cervical collar and determine the need for imaging.
There are two main algorithms, the Canadian C-spine rule and NEXUS, which are used to decide who requires cervical spine imaging via CT scan [6] after blunt trauma, and who can be cleared without imaging. [4] The Canadian C-spine rule appears to have greater sensitivity and specificity (i.e. fewer false positives and false negatives). [17]
The images may also be used to check for other requirements of some types of treatment, such as full or empty bladder, empty rectum, etc. [8] [27] The same cone beam beam source and detector can alternatively be used to take simple X-ray positioning images if the organ shows particularly well on X-ray or if Fiducial markers have been inserted ...
The EOS examination takes place in an upright scanning cabin where the patient can either stand or sit. With a vertically traveling arm supporting two fine X-ray beams perpendicular to one another, the EOS system acquires frontal and lateral, weight-bearing images of the patient in a functional – standing or sitting – position.