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The minimum inhibitory concentration, which is the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that stops the growth of bacteria, can be estimated from the size of the zone of inhibition. Antibiotic susceptibility testing has been needed since the discovery of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Initial methods were phenotypic, and involved ...
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) is a scientific committee for defining guidelines to interpret antimicrobial resistance. [1] It was formed in 1997 and is jointly organized by ESCMID , ECDC and other European laboratories.
PDFtk (short for PDF Toolkit) is a toolkit for manipulating Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. [3] [4] It runs on Linux, Windows and macOS. [5] It comes in three versions: PDFtk Server (open-source command-line tool), PDFtk Free and PDFtk Pro (proprietary paid). [2] It is able to concatenate, shuffle, split and rotate PDF files.
The MIC is determined by preparing a dilution series of the chemical, adding agar or broth, then inoculating with bacteria or fungi, and incubating at a suitable temperature. The value obtained is largely dependent on the susceptibility of the microorganism and the antimicrobial potency of the chemical, but other variables can affect results ...
Skim is an open-source PDF reader. It is notably the first free software PDF reader for macOS. [2] It is written in Objective-C, and uses Cocoa APIs. It is released under a BSD license. It is also cited as being able to help annotate and read scientific papers. [3]
If the broth became cloudy or a layer of cells formed at the bottom, then bacterial growth has occurred. The results of the broth microdilution method are reported in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), or the lowest concentration of antibiotics that stopped bacterial expansion. [1]
ABBYY FineReader PDF is an optical character recognition (OCR) application developed by ABBYY. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] First released in 1993, the program runs on Microsoft Windows ( Windows 7 or later) and Apple macOS (10.12 Sierra or later).
As with Adobe Acrobat, Nitro PDF Pro's reader is free; but unlike Adobe's free reader, Nitro's free reader allows PDF creation (via a virtual printer driver, or by specifying a filename in the reader's interface, or by drag-'n-drop of a file to Nitro PDF Reader's Windows desktop icon); Ghostscript not needed. PagePlus: Proprietary: No