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  2. Constructible number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible_number

    The square root of 2 is equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1 and is therefore a constructible number. In geometry and algebra, a real number is constructible if and only if, given a line segment of unit length, a line segment of length | | can be constructed with compass and straightedge in a finite number of steps.

  3. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 5 2 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that =; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1]

  4. Straightedge and compass construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straightedge_and_compass...

    Given any such interpretation of a set of points as complex numbers, the points constructible using valid straightedge-and-compass constructions alone are precisely the elements of the smallest field containing the original set of points and closed under the complex conjugate and square root operations (to avoid ambiguity, we can specify the ...

  5. Euclidean distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_distance

    The two squared formulas inside the square root give the areas of squares on the horizontal and vertical sides, and the outer square root converts the area of the square on the hypotenuse into the length of the hypotenuse. [3] It is also possible to compute the distance for points given by polar coordinates.

  6. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    √ (square-root symbol) Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. Rarely used in modern mathematics without a horizontal bar delimiting the width of its argument (see the next item). For example, √2. √ (radical symbol) 1. Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. For example, +. 2.

  7. Analytic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_geometry

    As it passes through the point where the tangent line and the curve meet, called the point of tangency, the tangent line is "going in the same direction" as the curve, and is thus the best straight-line approximation to the curve at that point. Similarly, the tangent plane to a surface at a given point is the plane that "just touches" the ...

  8. Metric space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_space

    For example, if we take the two-dimensional sphere S 2 as a subset of , the Euclidean metric on induces the straight-line metric on S 2 described above. Two more useful examples are the open interval (0, 1) and the closed interval [0, 1] thought of as subspaces of the real line.

  9. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...