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[1] [2] The position maintains that universals exist both in particular objects and as concepts in the mind. [3] The "problem of universals" was an ancient problem in metaphysics about whether universals exist. For John Duns Scotus, a Franciscan philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest, universals such as "greenness" and "goodness" exist in ...
Philosopher Brian Leftow has argued that the question cannot have a causal explanation (as any cause must itself have a cause) or a contingent explanation (as the factors giving the contingency must pre-exist), and that if there is an answer, it must be something that exists necessarily (i.e., something that just exists, rather than is caused ...
Lexicography is the study of lexicons and the art of compiling dictionaries. [1] It is divided into two separate academic disciplines: . Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries.
Relationalism, in the broadest sense, applies to any system of thought that gives importance to the relational nature of reality.In its narrower and more philosophically restricted sense, as propounded by the Indian philosopher Joseph Kaipayil [1] [2] [3] and others, relationalism refers to the theory of reality that interprets the existence, nature, and meaning of things in terms of their ...
The actualist argues, instead, that when we claim "possible worlds" exist we are making claims that things exist in our own actual world which can serve as possible worlds for the interpretation of modal claims: that many ways the world could be (actually) exist, but not that any worlds which are those ways exist other than the actual world ...
Solipsism (/ ˈ s ɒ l ɪ p s ɪ z əm / ⓘ SOLL-ip-siz-əm; from Latin solus 'alone' and ipse 'self') [1] is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.
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Nominalists assert that only individuals or particulars exist and deny that universals are real (i.e. that they exist as entities or beings; universalia post res). The term "nominalism" comes from the Latin nomen ("name"). Four major forms of nominalism are predicate nominalism, resemblance nominalism, trope nominalism, and conceptualism. [33]